History of Islam- Dr. Tareq Suwaidan

Session 2
RIS Retreat
-notes by Br.Suleyman

Era of the Prophet SAW (571-632) (53 BH (before hijri) – 11 AH)

571 – Prophet Muhammad (saw) is born

576 – Mother died

578 – Given under the care of abdul muttallib

595 – Married to Khadijah (RA)

610 – Received wahi

- The Prophet never worshipped idols, he followed Ibrahim’s religion, he went to Hira to meditate.

613 – Declaration at Mount Safa, inviting all to Islam

615 – Small party migrates to Abyssinia for two reasons:

1. Torture
2. Establishing escape from Arabia – if the Persians would try to take Saudi Arabia over.

617 – Boycott of Hashemites, they settled in a valley

- more Muslims migrate

619 – boycott was liften, abu talib died, and 3 days later khadijah dies

620 – Miraaj

- Went to Taif
- In 13 years there were only 150 Muslims

622 AD – 0 AH – Migration to Madinah

Madinah had 3 groups:

-Jews
-Aws
-Khzaraj

- this is the start of the Islamic calendar. Umar is the one who decided this date as the start

623 – 2 – Battle of Badr

624 – 3 – Battle of Uhud

626 – 5 – Battle of Khandaq

627 – 6 – Treaty of Hudaibiya

- This is when Islam spread a lot, when there was peace

628 – 7 – Battle of khaibar

629 – 8 – Battle of Mutah

- Makkans violate treaty

- Conquest of Makkah

- Battle of Hunayn (Ta’if)

630 – 9 – Battle of Tabook

- Year of delegations

631 – 10 – Muhammad performs hajj
- last verse of the Quran was revealed, Islam was complete.

632 – 11 – Muhammad dies

Era of Khulifah Rashidun (632-661)(11-41)

632 – 634 11 – 13

Abu bakr is chosen as khalifah unanimously. Ali was delayed in giving bayah because when AbuBakr denied Fatima to get the inheritance from the Prophet, Fatimah was upset with AbuBakr and so Ali did not want to upset Fatima by giving bayah to AbuBakr, so he waited till after Fatima passed away to give bayah.

- Battle of apostates
- Battles in Persia and iraq
- Compilation of the Quran
- Battle of Yarmook, Muslims conquer Rome

634 – 13 – Umar became khalifah

- Took Khalid Bin Waleed out of leadership

635 – 14 – Islam conquers Persians.

636 – 732 – 15 – 11

Life of the famous poet, Al Farazdaq who was a poet since the age of 15. He was a shia, so his poems were about the relatives of the Prophet.

His rival was Jareer, they had written poems against each other.

One day, Al Farazdaq looked for Jareer and saw a man from his city. He asked the man for Jareer’s latest poem. The man recited it, but when the man got to the last part of the sentence, Farazdaq would finish it for him, even though he never heard the poem before. that is how well they knew each other.

636 – 15 Muslims take Jerusalem

- The agreement between Umar and Jerusalem

- When umar found Masjid-ul Aqsa, he found that it was used as a garbage dump! Umar and his companions cleaned it out themselves!

641 – 20 – Muslims conquer Egypt and Persia.

642 – 21 – Muslims took Syria and Palestine.

643 – 23 – Umar was assassinated by Abu lu’lu, Uthman was elected for khalifah

644 – 650 24 – 30 – Muslims conquered Cyprus, Iran and Afghanistan

645 – 24 – Death of Al Khansa. She was a famous arab poet. Before she was Muslim, her brother died and she wrote so much grieving poetry – this is known as the best grieving poetry ever. but she mourned sooo much. but once she became Muslim, she stopped grieving because she submitted to Allah’s will.

646 – 25 – Death of Ka’b bin ZOHAIR. He wrote poetry praising the Prophet directly. Meaning he was reciting the poem to the Prophet.

650 – 732 30 - ? – the life of Jarir. He was a great all around poet.

651 – 31 – First naval battle of the Muslims, Constatine was killed

656 – 35 – Uprising against Uthman
The revolution killed Uthman and ruled the Muslims for 3 days. They were the ones who were leading the salaah in the Prophet’s mosque.

Ali became khalifah, but decided not to deal with the revolutionaries just yet for many reasons.

1. There was too much chaos in Madinah, so he needed to fix that first.

2. He did not know who the killer was, so there needed to be a fair trial.

Aeysha and Talha decided to put matters into their own hands since Ali wouldn’t do anything right then. They went to Basrah to get more numbers. They entered Basrah against the leader of Basrah’s permission. Bo the leader didn’t allow Aeysha and Talha in because it was against Ali’s orders. They entered forcefully and some Muslims were killed. Ali tried to make peace so he lead an army to Basrah asking what Aeysha’s army wanted. She said that they won’t give bayah to him until Ali gets the murderer of Uthman. Ali agreed, but the revolutionaries wanted to stop this so they ignited a battle, and so there was the battle between Aeisha’s and Ali’s army.

The battle finally ended later on.

657 – 37 – Battle of Sifeen

Syria was not under Ali, Syria was under Mua'wiah and so Ali went to Syria with an army. Mu’awiah was told by Uthman’s wife to avenge Uthman’s death, so he refused to give bayah to Ali until all of the people involved in the killing of Uthman, would be put to death. Ali said that nothing would happen without a fair trial.

And so the battle of Sifeen started.